In 2020, an estimated 10 million people developed active TB, resulting in 1.5 million deaths, making it the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease after COVID-19. New infections occur in about 1% of the population each year. In 2018, one quarter of the world's population was thought to have a latent infection of TB. Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem, with increasing rates of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Treatment requires the use of multiple antibiotics over a long period of time. Those at high risk include household, workplace, and social contacts of people with active TB. Prevention of TB involves screening those at high risk, early detection and treatment of cases, and vaccination with the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. Diagnosis of Latent TB relies on the tuberculin skin test (TST) or blood tests. Diagnosis of active TB is based on chest X-rays, as well as microscopic examination and culture of body fluids. Active infection occurs more often in people with HIV/AIDS and in those who smoke. People with latent TB do not spread the disease. Tuberculosis is spread from one person to the next through the air when people who have active TB in their lungs cough, spit, speak, or sneeze. Infection of other organs can cause a wide range of symptoms. It was historically referred to as consumption due to the weight loss associated with the disease. Typical symptoms of active TB are chronic cough with blood-containing mucus, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Around 10% of latent infections progress to active disease which, if left untreated, kill about half of those affected. Most infections show no symptoms, in which case it is known as latent tuberculosis. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. ![]() ![]() Tuberculosis ( TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria. Screening those at high risk, treatment of those infected, vaccination with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Pneumonia, histoplasmosis, sarcoidosis, coccidioidomycosis Phthisis, phthisis pulmonalis, consumption, great white plagueĬhest X-ray of a person with advanced tuberculosis: Infection in both lungs is marked by white arrow-heads, and the formation of a cavity is marked by black arrows.Ĭhronic cough, fever, cough with bloody mucus, weight loss ĬXR, culture, tuberculin skin test, QuantiFERON
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